![]() ![]() While you probably won’t make any major scientific discoveries with these datasets, they allow all R users to test and compare code on the same sets of data. Thankfully, R has us covered: R has several datasets that come pre-installed in a package called datasets – you don’t need to install this package, it’s included in the base R software. However, for demonstration purposes, it’s frequently easier to use existing dataframes rather than always having to create your own. Now you know how to use functions like cbind() and ame() to manually create your own matrices and dataframes in R. To tell R to not convert your string columns to factors, you need to include the argument stringsAsFactors = FALSE when using functions such as ame()įor example, let’s look at the classes of the columns in the dataframe survey that we just created using the str() function (we’ll go over this function in section XXX) For this reason, I avoid them at all costs. While there are very, very rare cases when I find factors useful, I almost always don’t want or need them. For example: if you have a factor of sex data, but then you want to add a new value called other, R will yell at you and return an error. However, as I’m sure you’ll discover, having R automatically convert your string data to factors can lead to lots of strange results. For example, one can create a factor sex that can only take on the values "male" and "female". A factor is a nominal variable that has a well-specified possible set of values that it can take on. By default, the ame() function will automatically convert any string columns to a specific type of object called a factor in R. There is one key argument to ame() and similar functions called stringsAsFactors. 18.5 Chapter 8: Matrices and Dataframes.18.4 Chapter 7: Indexing vectors with.17.4 Loops over multiple indices with a design matrix. ![]() 17.3 Updating a container object with a loop.17.2 Creating multiple plots with a loop.17.1.2 Adding the integers from 1 to 100.16.4.4 Storing and loading your functions to and from a function file with source().16.4.2 Using stop() to completely stop a function and print an error.16.3 Using if, then statements in functions.16.2.3 Including default values for arguments.16.2 The structure of a custom function.16.1 Why would you want to write your own function?. ![]()
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